The Holy Mushroom

[ninorc]

Gnostic Media is happy to announce the summer-2008 release of a new book by Jan Irvin:

The Holy Mushroom: Evidence of Mushrooms in Judeo-Christianity; A critical re-evaluation of the schism between John M. Allegro and R. Gordon Wasson over the theory on the entheogenic origins of Christianity presented in The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross By J.R. Irvin, © 2008

Preface

Beginning in the 1950s a serious theoretical disagreement regarding art interpretations emerged within the fields of theology and entheobotany. Entheobotany is the study of how certain cultures use plants and fungi for religious purposes. The question at the heart of this disagreement concerns the study of the origins of religion, and more specifically Judeo-Christianity. Gaining an insight into the core issues of this disagreement is of utmost importance to anyone with an interest in understanding the origins of religion.

The question: Were psychoactive drugs involved in the foundation of Christianity?

This question has caused a schism within theological studies, and especially within the field of entheobotany itself.

One side argues that the use of psychoactive substances can be traced only up until, and their impact is limited to, the earliest writings of Genesis, about 1000 BCE – which excludes Christianity.

The other side argues that the use of psychoactive substances was more widespread and persistent. It has been central to the foundation of nearly all religion, including Christianity, and evidence of this usage can be found into more modern times.

It is important for biblical theologians and entheobotany scholars alike to understand the cause and effect of this schism if open dialogue is to continue. Until this issue is resolved and faced head on, scholarship, in regard to Judeo-Christianity, is at a standstill.

Foreword by Judith Anne Brown Author of John Marco Allegro: The Maverick of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Why should we be surprised or shocked by the idea that people of all eras and cultures have used hallucinatory drugs to attain exalted states of consciousness, which they take to mean divine understanding? In The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross John Allegro tried to show that this idea was built into the language and thought of religion from the very earliest times, and was still evident in the language and thought of the first Christians.

When survival depended on the fertility of the earth, and fertility was a gift of the gods, people sought to promote fertility by appealing to divine power. The swiftest and surest way to know the mind of god was through the use of herbal drugs. Throughout all ages and across all continents, priests and shamans have used entheogenic drugs in religious rituals. One of the chief sources of these drugs was fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, the sacred mushroom.

John Allegro believed that Judaism and Christianity were no exception. He held that many biblical stories and sayings derived from earlier fertility cults based on the use of the sacred mushroom. He discerned mushroom epithets behind many stories, names and phrases in the Old and New Testaments, either elaborated into folk tales or deliberately hidden in names and incantations. Embedded in different contexts, and often misunderstood in translation, they still carried messages for those who would look for them.

His evidence was linguistic. Starting with Greek and Semitic names, phrases, themes and stories from the Old and New Testaments, he followed them back through Phoenician and Akkadian to the earliest known writings – those of Sumer in the third millennium BCE. Although the precise form and interpretation of words changed with inflection and context in different languages, he found that the basic phonemes, the building blocks of words, carried their root meaning from one context to another. So by tracing the development of words we can trace the intertwining evolution of language, culture and religion.

The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross met outrage and derision. Part of the problem lay in common revulsion at the idea of linking Christianity to primitive fertility cults. The idea that the New Testament was a cover story, deliberately designed to transmit occult knowledge to a particular sect without the authorities realising it, seemed improbably complicated. Also, Allegro based his evidence almost entirely on language study, and not enough was known about Sumerian to make a solid case. Had he given more attention to investigating the surviving cultural and artistic expressions of ‘Christian’ fertility cults, he might have convinced more people of the strength of his argument.

But now other types of evidence are coming forward to show that elements of the ancient religion survived at least into medieval times, where they were widely accepted in pagan and Christian folklore and religious practice, if not openly condoned by the established Church. For example, a fresco in a thirteenth-century church at Plaincourault, France, shows Amanita muscaria as the Tree of Life. Allegro used it as an illustration to The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross, but in the outcry against the book even this obvious reference to mushroom veneration met denial.

Starting with the Plaincourault fresco, Jan Irvin sets out to justify John Allegro’s stance and to explore the objections to it. As I explained in the biography John Marco Allegro: The Maverick of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the main doubts about Allegro’s theory are whether the New Testament could deliberately conceal a secret code about mushroom usage, and the need to further substantiate Sumerian word connections. In the light of Irvin’s findings, there can now be little doubt that entheogenic drugs were used to attain divine understanding in Christianity as in other religions. I also think it is worth questioning whether mushroom lore was as secret as Allegro assumed it to be: lost in translation, perhaps, but not lost on the early followers of the cult, for whom the symbolism of the holy mushroom was a guide to revelation. In this book Jan Irvin subjects both sides to courtroom-like scrutiny, and adds powerful new evidence to help fill the gaps in our understanding of the origins of religion.

Academic endorsements for The Holy Mushroom:

Christianity and the Piltdown Hoax share many similarities: In both stories the information was constructed and then salted into the information stream, and, through the word of noted scholars, presented as fact, the truth. Scholars have egos and once committed to their ideas through scholarly publications, faculty meetings, and conferences, have difficulty seeing, hearing, or even appreciating an adverse view. To waver from a strongly held opinion could spell academic ruin and withdrawal of acclaim. This leads to lively debate, counter stories, and even character assassination if one side or the other is being out trumped in the symbolic mêlée. Jan Irvin (The Holy Mushroom) has captured what we might call an “anthropology of clarification” regarding whether or not mushrooms, and mind-altering substances in general, played any role in the development of not only Judaism and Christianity but the total culture in play at that time. It is now recognized in many academic communities (anthropologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, psychologists) that sufficient evidence exists of the importance of these substances, both textual and visual, to say “yes” in very large letters. It is no longer theory. The questions Irvin asks is this: “If mind-altering substances did play this major role, then how would this affect our interpretations of the Bible and the Qur’an? Would this shed light on the origins of mystical experiences and the stories, for example Abraham hearing voices and Ezekiel’s convenient visions? What would this suggest about the shamanic behavior of Jesus? What impact would this have on organized religion? These are bold questions. This is a very useful volume for those interested in the Holy Mushroom, Amanita muscaria, and the politics of truth. Detailed and wonderfully illustrated; great bibliography. ~ Professor John A. Rush, Sierra College

John Allegro's revelation of the sacramental role of a sacred mushroom in the ancient religions spanning the agrarian region from Mesopotamia to the Near East was immediately and unfairly rejected by a chorus of scholars less competent than him, but continuing research into early Christianity and the mystery religions of the Greco-Roman world and their perpetuation in alchemy and European folkloric traditions has vindicated the correctness of his discovery. ~ Professor Carl A. P. Ruck, Boston University

Jan Irvin has produced a most thoughtful and valuable account of debate around the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms in early Christianity. Irvin's careful account of the main protagonists, their sources and intellectual motivations shows the importance of continuing research on this significant moment in early Christian thought, as well as how academic research itself is affected by the cultural attitudes of the day. In adducing new textual evidence and showing the iconographic prevalence of the mushroom motif Jan Irvin is to be warmly congratulated - all serious scholarship for the future will have to take account of his achievement. ~ Professor Neil Whitehead, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Check out www.theholymushroom.com for more information regarding The Holy Mushroom’s release.

[Guest dr rockster]

Yeah,plenty of mushrooms in the desert eh?(Yes ok,they probably area round in cooler higher areas)

More Jesus was a stoner rubbish and oh secret codes about mushroom usage in the bible well ha he haa he farkin ha!

Please don't smear the sacred shroom with a load of superstitionist rubblish please!

[Canabizbob]

Nice one Ninorc.In my opinion the connection between drugs and religion is obvious,though I think it is more likely a entheogenic cocktail,than any one

plant or mushroom.Allegro himself said he thought the information was to much for most and would be gradually revealed to be fact,maybe that's what is now happening.

Cheers,Bob.

[Boojum]

Maybe I'm alone in this but I tend to think "Who cares ?". Who cares if Jesus took shrooms ? Who cares if Jesus smoked pot ? Who cares if Jesus wore a tie died T-shirt and called everyone man ? I don't, cos I don't regard Jesus as the son of God, or even a prophet, he was just a bloke, the bible is just a book. Jesus taking shrooms is about as significant as any other figure in the history of the world taking shrooms, no more, no less.

[Canabizbob]

For me,it's not just about religion,it's about how we as humans have allways taken substances to alter our state.For tens,if not hundreds of thousands of years,we all munched natural drugs,it's part of being human.Culture is a purely learned phenomenon,and the one we are taught nowdays is alcohol

and selfish greed.The only way I can see society changing for the better,is we all get back on the good drugs,and drop the immoral,egotistical,materialistic,

pointless zombie like state many live in at the moment.Stearing people away from natural safe drugs,that actually give a rewarding experience is the

biggest bloody conspiracy of the lot.

That's what I think anyway, Bob.

[Boojum]

For me,it's not just about religion,it's about how we as humans have allways taken substances to alter our state.For tens,if not hundreds of thousands of years,we all munched natural drugs,it's part of being human.Culture is a purely learned phenomenon,and the one we are taught nowdays is alcohol

and selfish greed.The only way I can see society changing for the better,is we all get back on the good drugs,and drop the immoral,egotistical,materialistic,

pointless zombie like state many live in at the moment.Stearing people away from natural safe drugs,that actually give a rewarding experience is the

biggest bloody conspiracy of the lot.

That's what I think anyway, Bob.

I think pretty much the same way.

I guess the oft claimed link between psychoactive plants & fungi and Jesus is interesting in that if it is true it represents a bitter irony, considering Christianity is probably the main reason why the religious use of psychoactive plants & fungi died out in Europe.

[DtH]

my interpretation of alot of gospels and higher communication or contact from religious scripture has always been a natural assumption thats its from an altered state. be it out of body/dream/or via plant hallucinogenics.

really tho, entheobotany>>>computer science. any day. infinitely more interesting. infinitely less practical though but still.

[Hughie Green]

[Arnold Layne]

Never mind Qumran, read Ezekiel ~ those visions are just soooooo tripped out and acid like; and he was sent into the wilderness to eat cow dung. Now what grows on dung in a warm climate? Ah yes, fungi.....

[Hughie Green]

Aye, I want the shrooms him and John were taking, Revelation is trippy too in a doom laden way

[Hughie Green]

[bennyblueboots]

I would say mushrooms and other ethnobotanicals could point to the divine. I kind of used them to connect with the unknown before God found me. Sometimes the odd spliff helps my understanding of the bible. Don't know why anyone would get their knickers in a twist over their use. But then again i dont understand a lot of things believers get upset over. Way to much division. I feel that i ve got divine permission to go tripping now.