Precipitation is nutrient elements bonding together (like if you mix A+B together straight) and falling out of solution in the res. It can look like sand in the bottom of the res, or white particles floating in solution, but often the first indication is dutrient deficiency in your plants. Followed by very unstable pH.
I have only experianced it with very hard water >EC 0.75

but obviously it depends on the specific elements in area specific tap water. The solution is to use an RO filter on your tap water, and mix that with tap water to get an initial water EC of 0.2 - 0.4 to avoid encouraging bacterial slime (RO encourages the slimy shyte) and give some better buffering capacity at the same time. Or use rainwater
You can do a precipitation test with suspect tap water, mix a high EC flowering nute mix in a glass at a higher pH say over 6.5 and you will see white floaty bits after 24 hours as the nutrient elements bond together,
if the water is not suitable for hydro. an extreame example is mixing A+B concentrate together straight, with no water, you will see solids form, same thing happens in the res with shyte water

Doing the precipitation test allows you to determine at which pH you will have issues, you can then limit your range to prevent it. Often the addition of PK booster exaserbates the issue, if you're on the limit of water quality.
Dormant.